Climate Change Green Paper: haze would affect reproductive capacity

Yesterday, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China Meteorological Administration jointly issued the" Green Paper on Climate Change: Annual Report on Climate Change Actions (2013) "(hereinafter referred to as" Green Book ") pointed out that the past 50 years China fog and haze overall increasing trend. Among them, the number of foggy days was significantly reduced haze days increased significantly, and the persistent haze process increases significantly.

■ Wujianmaizeng

Fog haze over the number of days

Statistics show that China's fog and haze causes has obvious seasonal variations. 1981-2010, haze frequency is significantly more than the winter months in summer months, winter half the number of days in the winter haze accounted for the proportion of 42.3%.

From the time span perspective, in 1961 -2012, China in the eastern region (east of 100 ° E) the average annual number of days in the haze overall increasing trend. Nearly 52 years, the annual number of days at most of the haze in 1980, there are 35.8 days. 20 Before the 1980s, China in the east regional average fog days basically in haze days more than 3 times; 20 since the 1980s, foggy days tended to decrease, while the haze days showed an increasing trend, fog and haze days ratio decreases, especially in 2011 and 2012 the number of days exceeding foggy haze days.

It is understood that the fog is composed of water vapor, water vapor on cold fogging, fog is not in itself a form of pollution. Haze is composed of fine particles, particles of the basic micrometers, not more than ten or twenty fog order of microns.

■ haze days of continuous

Last six days during the past three times haze

The Green Paper says, in the eastern haze over 3 consecutive days during the 20th century, although the number of stations increased slightly, but overall changed little, but the 21st century, the continuous increase in the number haze process station significantly.

Data show that last more than 3 days haze process station times, from 2001 to 2012 to monitor the average, were monitored from 1961 to 2000 more than twice the average, which last six days haze process, monitoring data is comparative data 3.1 times.

In just the past 10 months, in the eastern haze presents high momentum. This year, the national average of 4.7 days of fog and haze days earlier than normal (2.4 days) above normal 2.3 days, is 52 years (1961 -2013) since most of the year. Among them, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Chongqing, Tianjin were up over the same period.

■ Less

West East growth
In the eastern local haze over one hundred days

From the spatial distribution, changes in haze days was reduced tendency East West added. Northeast, northwest and southwest haze in most areas 0-0.5 days to reduce the number of days per year, except in northern Xinjiang, the western region in haze days are basically less than five days; North China, the Yangtze River and southern China showed an increasing trend, in which beads Delta and Yangtze River Delta regions fastest growing, Shenzhen and Nanjing average annual increase of 4.1 days and 3.9 days. In most areas in the eastern haze days for 25-100 days, the local area for more than 100 days.

Green Paper selected cities in the eastern six typical (Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou) and the nearby six small towns (Zunhua, Raoyang, West China, Gaoyou, Cixi, Zengcheng), compared analysis of the number of days of haze changes can be seen in the mid-1970s, big cities and small towns little difference in haze days, but since the 20th century, since the late 1970s, metropolitan urban haze significantly smaller number of days above normal, large some years more than 50 days above normal.

■ haze hazard

To have a significant negative impact on the economy

The Green Paper says China fog and haze increased mainly because of increased consumption of fossil fuels society caused by increasing emissions of air pollutants. The main source of this pollution thermoelectric emission heavy chemical industry, especially the production, automobile exhaust, winter heating, living (cooking, hot water), as well as ground dust. In addition, the photochemical products produced by human activities, local cooking, caused by automobile exhaust and other volatile organic compounds into the secondary organic aerosols, will cause haze occurs frequently.

Weather conditions caused by climate change is caused by fog and haze number of reasons, including its calm weather, coupled with high humidity, mixing thin, and so reduce the number of precipitation days.

Fog and haze phenomenon will give climate, environment, health, economic and other aspects have a significant negative impact, such as causing urban atmospheric acid rain, photochemical smog, resulting in decreased atmospheric visibility, impeding the air, water and land surface transportation; increased mortality, so chronic diseases increased, the respiratory system and cardiac system disease progression, and structural changes in lung function, affect the reproductive ability to change the body's immune structure.

■ Governance recommendation

Establishing regional joint prevention and control mechanism

Green Paper, China's air pollution presents regional pollution trends hold together, in order to effectively solve this problem, you must implement regional joint prevention and control. For example, Beijing's strong haze pollution sources to consider not only the city, but also must consider the Tianjin and Hebei region sources of pollution.

Green Paper that China is still not established a substantive response mechanisms, could be considered in the management of institutional aspects of institutional innovation, such as the establishment of cross-regional joint prevention and control of air pollution Commission. In addition to inter-regional and inter-city joint prevention and control, but also need to establish collaboration between sectors and industries control mechanism, so that the relevant departments to achieve data sharing, measures jointly developed, law enforcement coordination and cooperation. Experts suggest that a unified national multi-sectoral joint construction layout, covering key areas of the national ambient air monitoring network encryption.

Comprehensive Xinhua News Agency, "Legal Evening News"

■ news

Ministry of Environmental Protection: Atmospheric Pollution Prevention

well this winter
November 1, Ministry of Environmental Protection issued a notice that in recent years, especially in the winter in northern China into the heating period, the seasonal surge in emissions caused by burning coal, while inversion, calm wind and other adverse weather conditions occur frequently , resulting in some areas of fog and haze-prone localities to do a good job in 2013 winter air pollution control work.

All localities should actively promote the central heating, "coal gas", "coal to electricity" project, accelerate the elimination of small coal-fired boilers; natural gas supply shortage in the place, to optimize the use of direction, give priority to safeguard the people's livelihood with natural gas. Strengthen the coal quality testing, and control of high-sulfur, high-ash coal production and use of coal exceeded all archive and the imposition of penalties. To significantly reduce the construction site in winter earthwork operations, strengthen the construction site dust environmental regulation, fail to meet all standards of green construction work to make rectification. Sediment transport vehicles should be confined to take measures to prohibit and indiscriminate dumping Dumping road spill, do not meet the environmental requirements of the sediment transport vehicles will be punished. For thermal power, steel, cement, petrochemical, chemical, non-ferrous metal smelting and other atmospheric pollutants enterprises to conduct a comprehensive investigation. Carried out to check the motor vehicle parking and road checks, prohibit excessive vehicle on the road. Accelerate the phase-out process high-polluting vehicles. The new

8-year-old baby suffering from lung cancer related

accused with haze
"Haze" will lead to the generation of lung cancer, lung cancer, East China recently found the smallest patients as young as 8 years old. Jiangsu Province Tumor Hospital doctors Fengdong Jie said that, this eight-year-old girl who lives in the cause of lung cancer at the roadside, as long-term inhalation of dust road, which leads to cancer. Haze mainly because PM2.5 will be deposited in the lungs causing inflammation, causing some of the malignant lesions.

It is understood that Nanjing thoracic surgery at a hospital has 120 beds, but patients with lung cancer alone accounts for 50. Many of these patients are thirty or forty years zhuanglaoli crowd, most of these people are not smoking caused disease. According to hospital statistics, the growth of lung cancer patients are mainly concentrated in population over 50 years old. But in recent years, the fastest growth rate is 3 years old to 50 year-olds. The new

Korea media complain "by China haze effect"

Recently, South Korea and Japan on the Chinese media haze complained. South Korean KBS television reported Thursday that China's haze is continuing to have an impact on the Korean peninsula. South Korea, "Chosun Ilbo," said the Chinese haze mainly from Beijing where the northern regions, the region with the winter haze northwest wind moves, the fastest six hours, the slowest twelve days will cross the Yellow Sea covering the Korean Peninsula. Japan's Fuji Television Network reported that beginning from October 31, China's PM2.5 pollution particles in the Japanese sphere of influence further expansion.

But China Meteorological experts refuted the argument that such particulate matter PM2.5 in the atmospheric circulation in the process of diffusion, degradation and dilution effect will eventually dissolve into the cloud through the rain fall, although particulate matter, drifting through strength of dust storms and other a certain kind of weather processes "across the sea", but not for other countries produce a very direct impact.

According to the "Global Times"

■ local conditions

The heavy pollution in Xi'an weather into emergency management

Emergency broadcast TV programs can be interrupted haze and other disaster warning

"Emergency situations, radio, television media should immediately adopt the marquee, an additional window or interrupt the normal broadcast video, etc. quickly broadcast meteorological disaster warning information, and sustained attention until the warning signal released. "Yesterday morning, the Xi'an municipal government held an executive would, in principle the" Xi'an meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning measures. "

"Measures" clearly, the government should organize relevant departments to establish meteorological disaster monitoring information sharing and meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning linkage mechanism. Meteorological authorities should strengthen the densely populated areas, the main producing areas of agriculture, Qinling ecological protection zone and weather derivatives, secondary disaster-prone areas and other sensitive areas monitored. Focus on monitoring the rain, snow, fog, haze, lightning, high winds, dust storms, heat, drought, hail, frost and other weather disasters.

Heavy pollution weather will be included in local government emergency management.

Meteorological disaster warning level based on the urgency of meteorological disasters, development trend and extent of potential harm, divided into one, two, three, four, respectively, with red, orange, yellow and blue mark. A warning that red is the highest level.

Warning information from the meteorological observatory authority belongs to the community in accordance with the relevant provisions, update, and lifted, other units and individuals shall not publish. After receiving the information dissemination unit shall bear gratis meteorological disaster warning information dissemination. Television, radio media shall immediately publish a rolling subtitles grading warning (suspension until discharged meteorological disaster warning icon warning), simultaneous release safety guidelines to guide people properly hedge disaster, or even additional video window or interrupt the normal way of quickly broadcast aired meteorological disaster warning information.

SMS-governmental organizations launched the "green channel", the communications operator units to implement and improve the distribution mechanism grade other meteorological disaster warning signals for free the whole society, the whole network release. Levels and all departments after receiving the information, it should be transmitted immediately to the public, and to take effective measures to disaster prevention.

Our reporter Wang Weiping

October PM2.5 concentrations Lintong highest

Yesterday, less haze pollution in Xi'an Office informed the district in October ranked PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. October PM2.5 concentration ratio of the average monthly increase of 46.84 percent in September, and only seven days in the air concentration of PM2.5 is substandard. Only eight days PM10 standard concentration than in September increased by 42.14%.

In the county's briefing results, October PM2.5 concentrations in descending order: Lintong District, Baqiao District, Yanta District, Chan-Ba Ecological District (International Port District), New Town, High-tech Zone (East Symphony Metro), Yanliang District (Air Base), Beilin, the open area (Weiyang), Lantian County, Chang'an (space base), Lianhu District, Qujiang New District, County, in Huxian, Gaoling. Lintong District is the highest concentration of 149 micrograms per cubic meter, the lowest concentration of 87 micrograms per cubic meter Gaoling. The upper limit of the reference standard annual average PM2.5 35 micrograms per cubic meter to evaluate, even the lowest concentration Gaoling, also exceeded the 1 percent.

Regional differences in concentration of PM2.5, in addition to regional coal, motor vehicle exhaust emissions, dust, as well as prevention and control measures are in place the outside, but also within the scope of the regional impact of weather conditions and other comprehensive factors. The reporter Guo Xiaorong

5 "blue sky" Hou Xian air pollution

reproduction
October 30 The rain saved the air in Xi'an is not only the end of the previous three consecutive days of heavy pollution, also brought successive five "Blue Sky." But yesterday, "light pollution" of the sky once again climb Xi'an, multiple sessions hour air quality index exceeds 100, is expected to be a polluted day yesterday.

Yesterday, less haze pollution in Xi'an Office had asked departments at all levels to continue to enhance road sweeping and cleaning and rinsing large work; strictly prohibited cleaning staff and the public burning of leaves, trash and straw; continue to increase fuel coal and inspection, strict control built local fuel coal; further strengthen motor vehicle pollution control and organic waste investigation, governance, in order to reduce particulate matter emissions.

The reporter Guo Xiaorong

Report demolition site dust highest award 500 yuan

Xi'an air quality situation is grim, but there are still some units and individuals pollution "building blocks", if you find that the failure to implement the wet demolition site operations, such as six types of conduct, you can call the special service hotline 12342 chased Report. Verified after the first informants receive 50 yuan or 100 yuan reward; a significant contribution to the first whistleblower reward limit may be raised to 200-500 yuan.

Report include: failure to implement the demolition site, although the implementation of Wet Wet jobs or jobs but dust pollution caused serious; demolition site in accordance with the provisions of the construction work should be stopped without stopping construction; catering units (each unit with internal staff canteen) or barbecue Unused stalls clean energy; catering units (each unit containing internal staff canteen) Failing to install smoke purification facilities or, being installed but not used; arbitrarily set, operating outdoor barbecue market; burning garbage, leaves, wastes generated smoke.

The reporter Guo Xiaorong

Who made pollution? "Readily take" to continue levy clues

If you are surrounded by burning garbage, black smoke and other environmental pollution phenomenon, can readily take it down and send us the following ways: 1. Attention and private letter @ China Daily Sina Weibo; 2. Attention to "China Daily" micro-channel platform, send us your photos; 3 Log Huashang forum thread in the comments area.

For the public to reflect the clues, the reporter and co-verification of environmental law enforcement officers and hit the papers, awards will be given to informants. Please provide photographs while you are stating the date and time, along with the full address of shooting.

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