Ⅰ Introduction
Chapter 1 Executive Summary .............................................／3
1.1 Classical circular production in China and abroad ...............／3
1.2 Classical circular production evolving
into modern circular economy ...................................／4
1.3 Origin of China’s modern circular economy ......................／5
1.4 Chinese characteristics of the development of circular economy ..／7
1.5 Evaluating the development of circular economy in China .........／11
1.6 Emerging issues in extending practices of circular economy ......／17
1.7 Major activities and achievements in 2010 .......................／19
Ⅱ Background and Historg
Chapter 2 Background ....................................................／23
2.1 Internal pressure on the sustainability of rapid
economic growth in China .......................................／23
2.2 Simultaneous Progressing of Industrialization, urbanization and
informatization in the context of globalization ................／25
2.3 Paths for achieving scientific development and options
for development of circular economy ............................／32
2.4 Conclutions .....................................................／33
Chapter 3 History .......................................................／34
3.1 First stage（Before 2004） ......................................／34
3.2 Second stage（2004-） ...........................................／40
Ⅲ Effects and Trend
Chapter 4 Effects .......................................................／49
4.1 Analysing the first batch of pilot projects .....................／49
4.2 Analysing the second batch of pilot project .....................／50
4.3 Analysing micro patterns of circular ecnomy .....................／54
4.4 Problems occured in pilot projects ..............................／58
4.5 Impacts of the global financial crisis ..........................／60
Chapter 5 Major Plans and Policy Orientation in 2010 ....................／61
5.1 Continue to execute Circular Economy Promotion Law and
matching regulations ...........................................／61
5.2 Formulating specific plans of circular economy ..................／62
5.3 Strengthening macroeconomic management of circular economy ......／62
5.4 Promoting and Improve the facilitating policies of
circular economy ...............................................／62
5.5 Demonstrating and promote successful patterns of circular economy／63
5.6 Improving the construction of persistent effective mechanism
of circular economy ............................................／63
5.7 Establishing service and management platform of circular economy ／63
5.8 Continue to expolre approaches to waste recycling system ........／64
5.9 Making the critical break-through on the priority areas of
circular economy ...............................................／64
Ⅳ Analysis of Material Flow
Chapter 6 Analysis of Macroeconomic Material Flow in China ..............／67
6.1 Theoretical foundation of material flow .........................／67
6.2 Analysing macroeconomic material flow in China
between 1990 and 2005 ..........................................／71
Ⅴ Policies and Requlations
Chapter 7 Legal and Policy System for National Circular Economy .........／81
7.1 Principles of legal and policy system ...........................／81
7.2 Framework and characteristics ...................................／81
7.3 Evolution history ...............................................／83
7.4 Legislations ....................................................／84
7.5 Laws, regulations, policies and guidances by the State Council ..／87
7.6 Laws, regulations and policies
by the state ministries and agencies ...........................／90
7.7 Brief overview of local laws, regulations, policies and guidances／94
Ⅵ Industry Practices
Chapter 8 Practices in Steel Industry ...................................／99
8.1 Characteristics of steel industry ...............................／99
8.2 Current development of circular economy .........................／100
8.3 Features ........................................................／102
8.4 Important promotional measures ..................................／108
8.5 Effects .........................................................／110
8.6 Emerging problems and future prospects ..........................／113
Chapter 9 Practices in Non-ferrous Metals Industry ......................／115
9.1 Charactoristics of non-ferrous metals industry ..................／115
9.2 Features ........................................................／116
9.3 Current development of circular economy .........................／120
9.4 Important promotional measures ..................................／122
9.5 Effects .........................................................／124
9.6 Emerging problems and future prospects .........................／129
Chapter 10 Practices in Coal Industry ...................................／132
10.1 Characteristics and current situation of coal industry .........／132
10.2 Features .......................................................／135
10.3 Important promotional measures .................................／138
10.4 Effects ........................................................／139
10.5 Emerging problems and future prospects .........................／141
Chapter 11 Practices in Cement Industry .................................／143
11.1 Characteristics of cement industry .............................／143
11.2 Current situations of the development of cement industry .......／144
11.3 Why need to develop circular economy in cement industry ........／146
11.4 Features .......................................................／146
11.5 Important promotional measures .................................／149
11.6 Promoting technologies of circular economy in cement industry ..／151
11.7 Effects ........................................................／152
11.8 Emerging problems and future prospects .........................／153
Chapter 12 Practices in Electricity Industry ............................／155
12.1 Characteristics of electricity industry ........................／155
12.2 Features .......................................................／157
12.3 Current situation of electricity industry ......................／158
12.4 Important promotional measures .................................／159
12.5 Effects ........................................................／160
12.6 Emerging problems and policy orientation ......................／164
Chapter 13 Practices in Petroleum and Chemical Industry .................／166
13.1 Features of petroleum and chemical industry ....................／166
13.2 Current situation of petroleum and chemical industry ...........／167
13.3 Why need to develop circular economy
in petroleum and chemical industry .............................／167
13.4 Important promotional measures .................................／168
13.5 Effects ........................................................／170
13.6 Future prospects ...............................................／172
Chapter 14 Practices in Paper Industry ..................................／174
14.1 Features of paper industry .....................................／174
14.2 Current situation of paper industry ............................／175
14.3 Why need to develop circular economy in paper industry .........／176
14.4 Important promotional measures .................................／178
14.5 Effects ........................................................／180
Chapter 15 Practices in Fermentation Industry ...........................／182
15.1 Features of fermentation industry ..............................／182
15.2 Current situation in fermentation industry .....................／183
15.3 Why need to develop circular economy in fermentation industry ..／186
15.4 Important promotional measures .................................／187
15.5 Effects ........................................................／189
15.6 Future prospects ...............................................／192
Chapter 16 Practices in Mineral Industry ................................／193
16.1 Features of mineral industry ...................................／193
16.2 Current situation of mineral industry ..........................／194
16.3 Features of circular economy in mineral industry ...............／196
16.4 Important promotional measures .................................／197
16.5 Effects ........................................................／198
16.6 Future prospects ...............................................／200
Chapter 17 Practices in Agriculture Industry ............................／202
17.1 Features of agricultural industry ..............................／202
17.2 Features of circular economy in agricultural industry ..........／203
17.3 Important promotional measures .................................／206
17.4 Effects ........................................................／208
Ⅶ Recycling of Resources
Chapter 18 Establishing Resource Circular Utilization System ............／213
18.1 Measures to promote the establishment of renewable
resource recycling system ......................................／213
18.2 General patterns ...............................................／215
18.3 Major effects ..................................................／217
18.4 Future policy orientation ......................................／218
Chapter 19 Circular Utilization of Metal Scrap ..........................／220
19.1 Main promotioal measures .......................................／220
19.2 Current situation and achievements .............................／221
19.3 Emerging problems and future prospects .........................／224
Chapter 20 Circular Utilization of Discarded and
Used Household Appliances ....................................／226
20.1 Main promotioal measures .......................................／226
20.2 Current situation and achievements .............................／228
20.3 Emerging problems and future prospects .........................／230
Chapter 21 Circular Utilization of Plastic Waste ........................／232
21.1 Significance and current situation of plastic industry .........／232
21.2 Current recycling and reutilization practices in China .........／233
21.3 Current situation of recycling and utilization of
imported plastic waste .........................................／236
21.4 Prominent problems and future policy orientation ...............／237
Chapter 22 Circular Utilization of Scrap Rubber .........................／239
22.1 Current situation of rubber industry ...........................／239
22.2 Promotional measures and policies ..............................／241
22.3 Current situation and effects ..................................／242
22.4 Emerging problems and future policy orientation ................／245
Chapter 23 Circular Utilization of Remanufacturing Industry .............／247
23.1 Definition and characteristics of remanufacturing industry .....／247
23.2 Main promotional measures ......................................／249
23.3 Current situation and effects ..................................／250
23.4 Problems, prospects and policy trend ...........................／252
Chapter 24 Circular Utilization of Municipal Typical Waste ..............／255
24.1 Current collection, treatment and disposal of typical
municipal waste potential analysis .............................／255
24.2 Main promotional measures ......................................／257
24.3 Effects ........................................................／260
24.4 Emerging problems and future prospects .........................／263
Ⅷ Regional Practices
Chapter 25 Circular Economy in Pilot Zhejiang Province ..................／267
25.1 Main promotional measures ......................................／268
25.2 Effects ........................................................／273
25.3 Emerging problems and future trend .............................／275
Chapter 26 Circular Economy in Pilot Qingdao City .......................／276
26.1 Main promotional measures ......................................／276
26.2 Key sectors ....................................................／277
26.3 Effects ........................................................／281
Chapter 27 Circular Economy in Pilot Tianjin Economic and
Technological Development Zone ...............................／283
27.1 Main promotional measures ......................................／283
27.2 Promotional mechanism ..........................................／287
27.3 Effects ........................................................／288
Ⅸ Enterprise Practices
Chapter 28 Practices in Jinan Steel .....................................／293
28.1 Enterprise introduction ........................................／293
28.2 Main methods of developing circular economy ....................／294
28.3 Effects ........................................................／296
Chapter 29 Practices in Shanghai Baosteel Group Corporation .............／298
29.1 Basic information ..............................................／298
29.2 Main methods of developing circular economy ....................／299
29.3 Effects ........................................................／303
Chapter 30 Practices in Shandong Tralin Group ...........................／305
30.1 Enterprise introduction ........................................／305
30.2 Main methods of developing circular economy ....................／305
30.3 Effects ........................................................／308
Chapter 31 Practices in Kaiyang Phospho-Chemical Co., Ltd.
in Guizhou Province ..........................................／310
31.1 Enterprise introduction ........................................／310
31.2 Main methods of developing circular economy ....................／311
31.3 Effects ........................................................／313
Chapter 32 Practices in Xinwen Minerals .................................／314
32.1 Enterprise introduction ........................................／314
32.2 Main methods of developing circular economy ....................／315
32.3 Effects ........................................................／320
Chapter 33 Practices in Beijiang Power Plant ............................／322
33.1 Enterprise introduction ........................................／322
33.2 Main methods of developing circular economy ....................／323
33.3 Effects ........................................................／325
Chapter 34 Practices in Beijing Cement Plant ............................／327
34.1 Basic information ..............................................／327
34.2 Main methods of developing circular economy ....................／327
34.3 Effects.........................................................／329
Chapter 35 Practices in Shanxi Antai Group Co.,Ltd. .....................／331
35.1 Enterprise introduction ........................................／331
35.2 Main methods of developing circular economy ....................／332
35.3 Effects ........................................................／336
Chapter 36 Practices in Dongyuan Jiajiu .................................／338
36.1 Enterprise introduction ........................................／338
36.2 Main methods of developing circular economy ....................／340
36.3 Effects ........................................................／343
Appendix
Appendix Ⅰ Selected Speeches Given by Party and State Leaders
on Circular Economy ........................................／347
Appendix Ⅱ Major Events（2004～2009） ..................................／361
Appendix Ⅲ Laws, Regulations, and Policies on Circular Economy
by Central and Local Governments ...........................／373
Postscript ...............................................................／393
As the first report on the development of circular Economy in China, the paper provides its readership with the understanding and evaluation process of the connotative meanings on China’s circular economy, the history background of China’s modern circular economy, the operation mechanism on the development of China’s circular economy, successful models and cases formed in practice, development course and effects of circular economy in key industries and areas, the relevant policies that Chinese government made to stimulate the development of China’s circular economy, the statements of Chinese top leadership involving how to develop China’s circular economy, the existing problems within Chinese circular economy, and the policy direction and work objectives of Chinese government to promote China’s circular economy.
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