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Under the historical context of developing the southwestern regions of China since the Ming and Qing dynasties, this book interprets various documents preserved in Hongjiang with the basis of in-depth field investigations. The local people had different understandings about this place in different historical periods, which are used to present the centuries-old rise and fall of this commercial town "manufactured" by merchants coming from other areas. The local identity of "Hongjiang people" has been continuously internalized into a regional social identity, thus constructing a structural process of regional society. This book is a complex social anthropological research centered on businessmen and their activities. It adheres to the historical anthropological approach of the organic integration of literature and the field, and strives to achieve a "flow-cooperative" field research that transcends the community. A holistic understanding of "regions" and reflections on the community and regional research paradigm of anthropology.