Contents

Ⅰ　General Report

1　Report on the Funeral Development of China(2014-2015)

　　【Li Bosen,Xiao Chenglong,Ma Jinsheng and Zhou Chuanhang】／001

　　1. General Survey of the Development of Funeral Industry from 2013 to 2014／003

　　2. The Main Challenges for the Development of Funeral Industry／017

　　3. Countermeasures and Suggestions for the Funeral Industry’s Development In New Period／022

Abstract: In 2013～2014,the funeral development of china had been achieved sustained and healthy progress：Firstly,with Opinion on the CPC Members and Officials Take the Lead to Promote the Reform of Funeral was actively publicized and implemented,the Fourth National Funeral Conference was timely hold;a favorable environment of funeral reform was constructed with party members and cadres taking the lead,the vast masses and entire society participatin Secondly,funeral policy creation was continued to strengthen,and the comprehensive management capabilities would be enhanced.Thirdly,the benefiting people policy of funeral was steps to ensure ranging from poor people gradually extended to registered permanent residents and the resident population.Fourthly,investments on funeral service facilities and equipments were gradually increased;environmental protection and quality of service were paid more attentions.Fifthly,the construction of urban and rural public welfare cemetery was accelerated;funeral civilization and low-carbon tomb-sweeping had become a new trend.Sixthly,funeral system morals construction and talent team building were ongoing developed;the exemplary role of funeral service window had become increasingly obvious.

However,funeral reforms were social reforms that eliminate undesirable customs and set the fashion for the generation.Funeral reform and development couldn’t be plain sailin And we couldn’t avoid some of the prominent problems existing in the reform and development,for example:the role of law construction was lagging behind the funeral development result in difficulties of funeral enforcement;funeral reforms encountered lots of bottlenecks,and the innovations of system and mechanism were not enough;the facilities investment of funeral services were underfunded,the government’s public service capacities were difficult to enhance effectively;the depth of propaganda was not enough,and the guiding of advanced funeral culture was obviously lack;some places were one-sided pursuit of cremation rate,it deviated from the purpose of funeral reform.

In 2015,promoting the funeral reform is still the main theme of the current and future period of funeral development.It should be strengthened the top-level design,and actively explore the systematic,holistic,collaborative nature of the funeral reform.It should be clarified the reform ideas,and actively explored new ways to funeral reform.It should be combined the rule of law and virtue in funeral management,and actively explored to enhance the effectiveness of comprehensive management of funeral.It should be played the active role in social capital,and actively explored the institutional mechanisms of investment and financing in funeral industry.It should be continually publicized and implemened Opinion on the CPC Members and Officials Take the Lead to Promote the Reform of Funeral and the spirit of the Fourth National Funeral Conference,and actively explored the heritage and promoting advanced culture of funeral and interment.

Keywords: Funeral Management;Coordinated Reforms;Ecological Culture;Investment and Financing

Ⅱ　Report on Rule of Law

2　Comparative Analysis on Funeral Regulations at Home and Abroad【Li Jian】／033

Abstract: On the basis of comparation the content and features of funeral regulations at home and abroad,the present situation of the construction of funeral regulations were thought rationally in the report.The author suggested that the government should actively learn from foreign funeral merit of laws and regulations,formulate a relatively complete the Funeral Law,to comply with the development trend of nation,government and society under the rule of law.

Keywords: Home and Abroad;Funeral Laws and Regulations;Funeral Legislation

3　Emphases and Difficulties of Legislation on Funeral Management【Zhu Jinlong】／050

Abstract: Being directed towards the seriously lag of funeral legislation system in China,and based on the analysis of experience and legislative situation,this report points out that the funeral legislation should focus on the following details:the funeral career development and reform planning,the construction of funeral basic public service system and reforms in funeral customs,and funeral management and law enforcement supervision.Therefore,the management of funeral could be built on the basis of a “good law” and step to the state of “well governed”.

Keywords: Funeral Regulations;Funeral Legislation;The Supervision of Law

4　Research on Current Situation and Countermeasures of Enforcement of Funeral【Liu Jun】／069

Abstract: Strengthening and improving the enforcement of funeral is an important content of the fourth plenary session of the 18th Communist Party of CPC to decide to comprehensively implementing governing the country by law,is the inevitable requirement of promoting administration according to law and accelerating the construction of the government ruled by law.This paper tries to analysis the law enforcement status and characteristics of funeral and interment,to find the effective path to explore innovation system of law enforcement mechanism and improve the environment of funeral of administrative enforcement,to promote and protect the citizens’burial rights,to maintain the social public order and public interests,to promote civil affairs and the national government by law construction.

Keywords: the funeral of administrative law enforcement;administration according to law;the government under the rule of law

5　Conflict and Balance between Funeral Governance and Funeral Custom

　　—Thinking of Henan Zhoukou Tomb-flattening Affair【Wang Junying】／080

Abstract: “Tomb-flattening of Zhoukou” affair triggered widespread social attention,and also caused profound reflection on reform of funeral and interment in the countryside.In face of the “Being buried is an auspicious omen” national customs in Han nationality,what attitude should legislation adhere to？Whether or not does the constitutional equality include the equal respect for all kinds of ethnic customs? Whether or not is the funeral legislative value judgment accurate to the traditional burial and cremation? In my opinion,the game result between the funeral legislation and the funeral customs should achieve the level of harmony and balance,that is,trying our best to find a balance between the legislation and the customs in pursuit of the “economizing land and respecting for the folkways” win-win goal!.

Keywords: Law;Funeral Custom;Conflict and Balance

6　Study on the Operation and Supervision of Urban and Rural Public Welfare Cemetery

　　【Zhou Xuemei, Li Yuguang and Fu Huiqun】／091

Abstract: This paper analyses the present conditions and questions of the construction of rural and urban public welfare cemetery,and focuses on the point of enhancing the legality building,innovating and improving the related operation mechanism and supervision system.Furthermore,it discusses the operation and supervision modes that fit the development of public welfare cemetery in China,and provides new ideas of the sustainable development of public welfare cemetery.

Keywords: Public Welfare Cemetery;Operation;Supervision

Ⅲ　Ecological  Report

7　Establishment of Pollution Control and Manage Technology System of Funeral Industry

　　【Yin Huimin, Liu Aimin】／103

Abstract: This paper discussed the meaning and effects of pollution control and manage technology system of funeral industry.Current situation of pollution control of funeral industry was stated in the following aspects,policy development,standardization files making,pollution monitoring and popularization of green funeral,and then leading problems exist were raised.The government should accelerate the development of relative policy and standardization work of environmental protection technology.Widely implementation of pollution monitoring and inspiration of new cremator design were suggested.

Keywords: Funeral and Interment;Pollution Monitoring;Pollution Control;Management Technology

8　Modern Funeral Ecological Research from the Perspective of Public Welfare Ethics

　　【Guang huanzhu】／112

Abstract: Modern funeral ecological was examined under the perspective of public welfare ethics in the article.Basis on the changes of traditional funeral to modern funeral,the transformation of modern funeral to the public interests and public welfare nature were grasped,for the purpose of seeking the direction for reform and development of modern funeral industry.

Keywords: Modern Funeral Ecological;Publicwelfare Ethics;Harmony;Development;Scientific.

9　Suggestions for the Improvement of Standard System Framework of Cremation Funeral

　　industry Pollution Control in China【Zhang Caili,Ren Yong,Jiang Chen,

　　Su Chang, Ren Zhiyuan and Song Boyu】／122

Abstract: This paper analysises the cremation pollution management and control experiences of a few advanced countries.In comparison with the current situation and shortcomings in China,the author puts forward suggestions on improving the leagal and standard system,and attempts to build the framework of China’s cremation pollution management and control.

Keywords: The Funeral Industry;Cremation Pollution Management and Control;Standard System Framework

10　Technology Assessment and Policy Recommendations for Cremation Emission Pollution

　　Control in Funeral Industry【Wang Wei, Xiong Chengcheng】／142

Abstract: The present situation of pollution emission from cremation in China was analyzed,the active and passive emission reduction technical requirements for pollution control were also proposed.From the aspects of technology,economy and feasibility,the existing practical technologies were compared.At last,technical policy recommendations for promoting the application of advanced practical technology were put forward.

Keywords: Cremation;Pollution Control;Technology Assessment;Policy Recommendations

11　Study on the Evaluation System of Ecological Burial

　　—Based on the investigation of Shanghai【Qiao Kuanyuan】／160

Abstract: The tombs are the form of burial and also the micro foundation of the cemetery.This research first uses squares evaluation method to find out the “imbalance green degree” of cemetery and to point out the micro (tombs) non-ecology phenomenon of the tumb ecology.In addition,the study pioneered the funeral EIA method,and calculated value K in EIA for ten common way of bural.Furthermore,the author proposed the concept of “burial ecological index S”.According to the evaluation value of S,practical ways of ecological burial can be recommended.

Keywords: squares evaluation method;burial EIA method;burial ecological index

12　Burial Environmental Impact Assessment on Bone Aash and Cremation Residues

　　【Wang Guiling, Jiang Sipeng】／181

Abstract: Burial environmental impact assessment objectives,contents and methods on bone ash and cremation residues were presented in this paper.Based on the analysis of physical and chemical properties of bone ash and cremation residues,and the simulative dissolving experiment of As,Hg,Cr,Pb and Cd in the different burial environmental,burial environmental impact assessment conclusion and proposal on bone ash and cremation residues were proposed.

Keywords: Bone Ash;Cemation Residues;Burial Environmental Impact Assessment;Simulative Dissolving Experiment

13　Primary Exploration on Evaluation Index System of Ecological Burial of Cremains Research

　　Group on the “Several important issues in funeral development”【Zhou Chuanhang】／198

Abstract: Burial activity would be consumed land resources and be impacted ecological environment,while the flower burial,tree burial and other ecological burial in rhythmic way were better than the familiar tombstone burial.Ecological evaluation on the ecological burial of cremains was carried out in the report,using the analytic hierarchy process,based on principles of integrity,representativeness and feasibility.22 evaluation indexes were detailed from three criteria of factors：burial area ecological environments,park ecological environment and the public service functions;the associated weights,scoring criteria and calculation methods were also determined.The next step will focus on improving the systematic and objective of evaluation system,and providing the basis through the actual ratings for promoting ecological construction in funeral industry.

Keywords: Ecological Burial; Environment; Evaluation Index

Ⅳ　Cultural  Report

14　Study on Cultural and Creative of Funeral【Wang Guohua】／213

Abstract: By analyzing the emergence,development and evolution process of traditional funeral culture,the advanced funeral culture connotation and value were summarized with ‘cultural creativity’research methods in the paper.Moreover,it puts forward the directions and tasks of funeral reform,and also innovate the conceptions,rules and patterns of funeral activities of human.

Keywords: Traditional Funeral;Cultural implications;Creative

15　Historical Thinking on the Changes of Contemporary Funeral Custom

　　【Wang Ruifang, Zhang Qiuju】／228

Abstract: Based on the analysis of the history of contemporary funeral custom,outstanding problems facing the reform of funeral custom were summarized in the paper.In order to deepen the funeral reform,some corresponding thinking and countermeasures were also proposed.

Keywords: Contemporary;Funeral Custom;Historical Changes;Countermeasures

16　Study on the Influence of Life-death Education on Contemporary Funeral

　　【Wang Zhijun, Jin Fenglin】／245

Abstract: By reviewing the development of modern studies on life-death education,the paper proposed that the funeral life-death education should become a universal life-long education,the dimension of responsibility and life planning education should be developed,and funeral home must shoulder the mission of national life-death education and ultimate concern.

Keywords: Life;Death;Funeral and Interment;Life-death Education

17　Outlook of Simple Funeral in the History of China and its Significance for Contemporary

　　Funeral Reform【Wang Juan】／255

Abstract:With the distinctly different imagination of people,ancient Chinese burial custom was not extravagant funeral and luxurious funeral.No matter which dynasty,both the official and folk opposed the extravagant funeral and luxurious funeral.Whether the simple funeral or not was the important standard of the people identify sage monarch.Researches on the ancient burial custom still have very important practical significance to contemporary funeral reform.

Keywords:Simple Funeral;views on life and death;funeral history;funeral reform

18　Research on the Trend of Memorial Network【Huang Xinwu】／269

Abstract: As a new way of civilized sacrifice,memorial network has characteristics of “low-carbon” and “environmental protection”.The emergence of memorial network has obtained the social attention.However,memorial network is still in its infancy stage.There are widespread difficult problems of the memorial website,e.,operation,promotion and supervision.The memorial websites should reflect their own values on the inheritance and innovation of traditional culture.In order to better development,the memorial websites should also develop more convenient project based on public welfare by integrating resources.

Keywords: Memorial Network;Virtual Grave;Current Situation;Trend

Ⅴ　Research Report

19　Implementation Status and Development Plan of the Funeral Skill Talent Team Professionalization

　　Construction【Liu Jianhua】／280

Abstract: Basing on the implementation of status of funeral skill talent team professionalization construction,this paper analyzed the problems existing in the implementation process and the trends.And planning ideas for a period in the future of the funeral skill talent professionalization construction were put forward.

Keywords: Funeral Skill Talent;Professionalization Construction;Talent Work Mechanism

20　Present Situation and Countermeasures of Cremation Equipment Quality

　　【Meng Hao, Guo Chan and Li Guangmin】／290

Abstract: Implementation of cremation is a basic national policy.The cremation equipment is the core and key of cremation process.Its quality is directly related to whether or not the funeral industry can provide satisfactory services for the people.According to the testing situation of cremation machines carried out by Funeral Equipment and Supplies Quality Inspection Center of the Ministry of Civil Affairs,the article explained the current quality situation of cremation equipment product and points out the problems.The causes of the problem were analyzed,and solutions and suggestions were also proposed.

Keywords: Cremation Equipment,Product Quality,Existing Problems,Supervising Countermeasure

21　Report on the Views of Life and Death of Contemporary University Students

　　—Based on the investigation of WuHan【Jiang Hailong】／303

Abstract: Views on life and death refer to people’s perception of and attitudes to life and death.The research is an analysis report based on the questionnaire survey on the group of college students in Wuhan University.It is found that contemporary college students’views on life and death are subject to the influences of gender,religion,major of study,urban-rural disparity and other sociocultural identities.In face of the profiles concerned with life-death views,such as death,suicide,meaning of life,sense of happiness,and pressure,on the one hand,the college students present the senses and life experiences characteristically specific to the group;on the other hand,they are confronted with many detailed questions and cognitive confusions.Thus,it is urgent to strengthen education of views on life and death and necessary to bring it into general education in universities.

Keywords: college students; views on life and death; sociocultural identities; education of views on life and death

22　Funeral Internet Public Opinion：Typical Cases Analysis,Reflection on the Problems and

　　Policy Direction【Guo Lin, Xiong Bo and Li Yi’nan】／323

Abstract: Favorable internet public opinion is helpful for the effective implementation and improvement of funeral and interment policies.In line with the analysis of typical funeral events such as tomb-flattening of Zhoukou,funeral reform in Anqing and corpses’buys of officials in Beiliu,the public administration and internet media of funeral and interment are unreasonable.In order to improve the public welfare of funeral and construct favorable internet public opinion,the reasonable suggestions are as follows：optimizing the funeral policies,especially constructing the mechanism of managing eventualities;strengthening public regulation on internet media,enhancing the social responsibility of internet media in the process of reporting funeral events.

Keywords: Funeral Policy;Internet Public Opinion;Tomb-flattening of Zhoukou;Funeral Reform in Anqing;Corpses’Buys of Officials

23　Survey on the Development of Land-saving Ecological Burial of Beijing City

　　【Pei Chunyue, Yin Sheng】／337

Abstract: This paper discussed the concept and characteristics of land-saving ecological burial,and pointed out the forms of expression,basic characteristics and main practice of land-saving ecological burial in Beijin Combining with the current situation of the funeral development of Beijing,the existing problems and the reasons were analyzed;the future development of land-saving ecological burial was also suggested.

Keywords: Land-saving ecological Burial, Beijing, Survey

24　Survey on the Mental Health of Funeral Workers

　　【Wang Yongkuo, Yang Dehui, Chen Shuangling and Ou Yongling】／349

Abstract: To understand the mental health condition of funeral workers in China, the research team went to 21 funeral services in ten provinces, to conduct the mental health survey of funeral workers in 2014.A great deal of valid data was collected through questionnaires and interviews.According to the analysis of the 338 valid questionnaires, the mental health condition of funeral workers was much poorer than the national level.Moreover, the proportions of people with heavy mental health problems and the proportion of each unhealthy subject were apparently higher than the average.In addition, the academic backgrounds were significantly associated with mental health.However, the factors such as gender, different degree of remains contact, work experience, had no significant correlation with the participating employees’mental health.

Keywords: Funeral Workers; Mental Health; SCL90

25　Consumption Survey of Funeral and Interment in Beijing Research Group on the “Several

　　important issues in funeral development”【Zeng Hanliu】／369

Abstract: Based on the study of many funeral homes, cemeteries, funeral market and questionnaires, a survey of funeral consumption in Beijing was analyzed in the report.It was found that 92% of urban consumers consider cemetery consumption was too high; the charge of having meals for funeral was more expensive in the country.The consumption, especially the funeral supplies consumption, in the funeral agencies was higher than outside agencies.The land-saving ecological burial was still ignored, and the quantity of choosing the burial was less.At present, the funeral services satisfaction was dramatically increased.

Keywords: Funeral Consumption; Proportion of consumption; Satisfaction

Ⅵ　Appendix