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Jointly published by Shanghai Academy and Shanghai University, the Annual Report on International Drug Control (2020) is presently the only annual research report in China that tackles issues related to global drug-related issues and the new trends of anti-drug initiatives. Besides, it also aims to support the anti-drug practices in China. Recent years saw a rapid spread of new psychoactive substances, which has become the third-generation drug, after traditional and synthetic drug with a global circulation. The present report includes the following four sections: General Report, Thematic Studies, Area Studies and Appendixes, and it focuses upon the three main aspects concerning the new psychoactive substances, namely, its recent development, the new challenges it posed and the new models of governance requested. This report addresses issues related to the manufacture, trafficking, abuse and governance of new psychoactive substances from a global perspective, and discusses various social crises caused by the different types of illicit drugs. It is our hope that the findings presented here may offer some useful lessons for managing new social crises, and provide a theoretical framework, which could help us to better appreciate the experience of the advanced international anti-drug practices. Both, as we see it, are important for the purpose of promoting the professionalization, specialization and standardization of the decision-making process of the anti-drug practices in China.