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Taking the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as the main clue in 2020，this report comprehensively combs and analyzes the changes in the regional and international situation，especially the new political，economic and security situation within the scope of the SCO space under the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report is divided into eight parts，namely，the general report，important meetings，political cooperation，security cooperation，economic cooperation，people-to-people cooperation，the SCO and the world，which give a good grasp of the SCO’s development trend，development characteristics，achievements and problems in 2020. As 2021 marks the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization，Over the past 20 years，the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has achieved changes from small to large，from weak to strong，completed its first expansion and increased its international influence. Political mutual trust among member states has been strengthened，security cooperation has been deepened，economic cooperation has been expanded and cultural exchanges have been expanding，making unique contributions to promoting regional security，stability and prosperity. At the same time，with the changing international and regional pattern，the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is also facing a series of new challenges，and the complex changes in relations among the member states after the expansion of the SCO，the fragmentation of issues and the spillover effect of the game between the major powers in the Eurasian region have profoundly affected the development of the SCO，improving the efficiency of the organization’s deliberations，increasing organizational cohesion and cooperation consensus，and building the Community of Destiny has increasingly become the common aspiration of the member states. The present report is designed and invited experts to write several concluding articles reviewing the achievements，challenges and prospects for the future development of the SCO in the 20 years since its establishment，which is a new feature of the 2021 report.