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The general report and sub-report of the Annual Report on Development of Poland（2021） focus on the characteristics and trends of Poland’s political，economic and diplomatic development from 2019 to 2020. 2019 Poland’s Law and Justice party won a majority in the lower house of parliament. 2020 Polish President Andrzej Duda narrowly defeated Civic Platform candidate Andrzej Chaskovski. In the future，the policies of the Polish government will maintain continuity，but the division of the Polish society has not been bridged，and the political restructuring of Poland is still under way. The Law and Justice government will continue its economic policy of expanding social welfare. Poland’s economy continued to grow in 2019. Due to COVID-19，Poland’s economy fell into recession in 2020，ending the good record of sustainable economic growth since 1992. From 2019 to 2020，Poland continued to be Eurosceptic，pro-US and anti-Russian in its foreign policy.

Non-governmental organizations in Poland are developing rapidly，with many incentive regulations and no relaxation of government supervision. With the implementation of a series of internationalization strategies and policies，the internationalization of higher education in Poland has achieved remarkable results. The internationalization of higher education in Poland has multiple political，economic and educational backgrounds and motivations，and is the product of multiple policy combinations.

Poland has abundant natural resources and a competitive labor market. In recent years，Poland’s economy has achieved rapid and steady growth，its business environment has also been greatly enhanced，and its international competitiveness index and innovation index have been continuously improved. Poland is one of the most attractive economices in the EU for investment. But Poland also needs to continue to strengthen its transport infrastructure，improve transparency and stability of laws，innovation policies and the environment for innovation.

Poland’s planting industry accounts for a large proportion of agricultural production，the most important crops are wheat and other cereals，vegetable planting mainly cabbage，onion，carrot，etc. Polish apple cultivation is significantly competitive；The development of animal husbandry has a good foundation；Fishery has better development potential. The EU is Poland’s main trading partner in agricultural products. Poland is China’s largest trading partner in Central and Eastern Europe，and China is Poland’s largest trading partner in Asia. In the future，Poland’s agriculture will continue to maintain a steady development trend and has great potential in the international trade of agricultural products.

The existing railway network in Poland is seriously degraded，and it is difficult to meet the needs of economic development and foreign investment. The whole railway system is faced with the pressure of upgrading，transformation and maintenance. With the support of the EU，Poland has been investing more and more in railway infrastructure，and there is a great space and opportunity for the development of the railway construction market in Poland. Due to the differences in standards，laws and culture，as well as the existing market competition pattern，there are also many obvious obstacles and constraints for Chinese enterprises to enter the railway construction market in Poland.

The overall performance of Polish logistics has made great progress，especially the accession to the EU and the “One Belt And One Road” initiative. These two key window periods have brought opportunities to the development of Polish logistics industry. From docking with China-Europe freight train，Poland such as transportation speed，power and capacity of railway transportation does not match transport demand. The current problems of railway crossings and the insufficient transport capacity of changing the outfit，have gradually become the bottleneck of running of China-Europe freight train.

The agreement of since China-Poland strategic partnership is signed，political exchanges are getting closer，fruitful trade cooperation，frequent cultural exchanges，china-eu relations improved，but still there are some problems during the implementation of the agreement. For example，political cooperation is not deep，the infrastructure can’t meet the actual demand，scientific and technological cooperation take a single form. There are many problems in China-Poland economic and trade relations. For example，the trade deficit is too large，bilateral trade volume accounts for a small proportion of the total foreign trade between the two countries，the trade structure is single.