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Influenced by multiple factors such as the Ukraine crisis and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict，the global energy situation has undergone profound changes. Countries are vigorously developing clean energy to promote the localization and cleaner energy supply structure. In 2023，the global renewable energy development momentum is strong. Investment in clean energy significantly exceeds that of fossil energy，and the energy supply and demand pattern dominated by fossil fuels is accelerating to the transformation of new energy that is more green and low-carbon. The big power game around the new energy industry such as electric vehicles has become more intense. The United States and Europe have enacted bills to actively attract the return of overseas clean energy industry，and strive to grasp the control of the industry chain. The implementation of rules such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism（CBAM）has entered a substantive stage，and the effect of international carbon rules and barriers has gradually appeared. Although the global response to climate change continues to advance，the interests of countries are seriously polarized，and the ideological and geopolitical contradictions between regions continue to intensify，making climate cooperation more difficult.

Keywords：Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral；New Energy System；Green and Low-carbon Transition；Dual Control of Carbon Emissions；International Cooperation