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Physical technological progress contributes to economic growth primarily through improvements in the quality and productivity of capital. Since the 1980s, along with the massive increase in equipment investment, the contribution of physical technological progress to economic growth has gradually become more prominent. By constructing a capital quality index to strip out materialised technological progress embedded in capital investment and measuring its value, this book comprehensively reflects the capital quality in China in different dimensions, and estimates the contribution of materialised technological progress to China's economic growth from 1980 to 2016 based on capital quality adjustment, confirming the existence of materialised technological progress in China's economic growth sources and revealing the dynamic characteristics of the contribution of materialised technological progress to economic growth.